Population ecology of the snail Melampus bidentatus in changing salt marsh landscapes          下载免费PDF全文

Roman Zajac  Erin Kelly  Danielle Perry  Ivana Espinosa 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

We studied the population ecology of the snail Melampus bidentatus in relation to patch composition and landscape structure across several salt marsh systems in Connecticut, USA. These marshes have changed significantly over the past 40–50 years including loss of total area, increased areas of short Spartina alterniflora, and decreased areas and fragmentation of Spartina patens. These changes are consistent with tidal inundation patterns that indicate frequent flooding of high marsh areas. Melampus bidentatus densities were highly variable, both among different salt marsh systems and locations within specific marshes, but were generally similar among short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens patches within locations. Densities were lowest where the marsh was regularly inundated at high tide and only remnant Sp. patens patches remained. Almost no snails were found in bare patches. Areas that had large Sp. patens patches adjacent to short Sp. alterniflora supported the highest M. bidentatus densities. Population size‐structure varied significantly among patch types, with higher proportions of large individuals in short Sp. alterniflora and hummocked Sp. patens patches than in large and remnant Sp. patens patches. This was likely due to size‐selective predation and/or higher snail growth rates due to better food resource conditions in short Sp. alterniflora patches. Egg mass densities and the number of eggs per egg mass were highest in short Sp. alterniflora. Our results indicate that M. bidentatus is resilient to the level and patterns of salt marsh change evident at our study sites. Indeed, snail densities were significantly higher than reported in other field studies, suggesting that increased patch areas of short Sp. alterniflora and associated environmental conditions at our study sites may provide more favorable habitats than previously when marshes were dominated by extensive Sp. patens meadows. However, there may be threshold conditions that could overwhelm the ability of M. bidentatus to maintain itself within salt marsh systems where changes in hydrology, sedimentation and other factors lead to increased numbers of bare patches and ponds and loss of short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens. Studies of the responses of resident and transient fauna to salt marsh change are critically needed in order to better understand the implications for salt marsh ecosystem dynamics and services.  相似文献   

Sexual reproduction and short-term fitness advantage in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus: implications for the coexistence of sympatric clones     

孙栋  马蕊  刘玮  牛翠娟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5):987-993

Large numbers of rotifer eggs from sediment resting egg banks may hatch simultaneously under appropriate conditions;therefore,natural populations are likely to be multiclonal in a growing season.A recent field investigation showed that subordinate and ephemeral clones were able to establish populations in an environment with several strongly dominant clone populations.However,it was not clear how the subordinate populations maintained their growth under these conditions where the crowding signal would induce high levels of sexual reproduction in the dominant clone populations.In the present study,we conducted a continuous passage to 60 generations for new populations at three different temperatures(15°C,25°C,and 35°C).These populations emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population.At the first,30th,and 60th generations,the populations were sampled and fitness was assayed using the life-table method.We found a significant short-term fitness advantage for populations newly emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus,followed by a significant decrease in relative fitness with long-term continuous passage.Our results suggested that the early shortterm fitness advantage was important for later-hatched and subordinate clone populations in an environment with multiple sympatric clones.The early short-term fitness might also promote the coexistence of sympatric clones because it could help to offset the cost of early sexual reproduction.  相似文献   

日常生活视野中的旅游社区空间再生产研究——基于列斐伏尔与德塞图的理论视角   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙九霞  周一 《地理学报》2014,69(10):1575-1589

在空间与旅游地空间的相关研究中,社区居民及其日常生活所扮演的角色未得到充分的重视.而本文试图转向微观层面,关注空间演化中居民与日常生活的力量.研究以世界文化遗产“开平碉楼与村落”核心区马降龙村为例,运用观察法与访谈法,探索由旅游发展所推动的旅游社区空间再生产的现象与特征.基于列斐伏尔的“空间三元论”与德塞图的“日常生活实践”理论,讨论在空间再生产的过程中,居民如何通过日常生活,对抗政府与景区管理主体构想的空间表征,体现具有反抗性的表征空间.研究发现,在日常生活中,反抗性的表征空间表现出嵌入、抵制、进攻性抵制、反噬、再生等形式.现阶段,低度开发水平下居民与政府及景区管理主体的对抗达到一种微妙的平衡状态.长期看来景区组织与居民角色的特性,以及对土地的掌控保障了反抗潜力的延续.而旅游社区的空间秩序最终将在所有旅游利益相关者的协商中形成.旅游发展中居民扮演的角色影响其协商能力,造成不同的行动机制与意义.旅游社区空间活力最终在多主体、多目标的空间生产过程中激发,这一过程始终展现出日常生活的创造力.  相似文献   

基于数据再生与空间重构的岩土体变形行为预测     

董辉  杨珺博  傅鹤林  聂春龙 《岩土力学》2010,31(6):1877-1883

针对岩土体变形行为预测中观测数据的有限性以及信息的不完备性,提出以分段插值或Boostrap重采样对有限观测数据再生以增强数据细节信息,以坐标变换或状态空间重构改变时序数据的表示形式,并重写原有不显著的规律的研究方法。在深入分析方法中重采样、混沌辨识、相空间重构的嵌入维数和延迟时间等关键技术的基础上,分别采用支持向量机、径向基函数前向型神经网络（RBF）以及反馈型神经网络（Elman）,对3组不同特征工程算例的岩土体变形时序在数据再生和空间重构前后进行预测对比研究。结果表明,变形时序的数据再生与重构能够极大地扩充数据细部特征信息和凸显岩土体变形演化的本质规律,以此数据建立的SVM预测模型,其可靠性和准确性优于以原始数据SVM、RBF和Elman建模预测效果。  相似文献   

西湖硅藻对桡足类浮游动物繁殖的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

宁修仁  王一军 《海洋学研究》1998,16(1):25-30

本文报道从杭州西湖筛选分离的两种淡水硅藻,即尖针杆藻Ｓｙｎｅｄｒａａｃｕｓ和谷皮菱形藻Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｐａｌｅａ对西湖两种淡水浮游桡足类,即近亲拟剑水蚤Ｐａｒａｃｙｃｌｏｐｓａｆｆｉｎｉｓ和大尾真剑水蚤Ｅｕｃｙｃｌｏｐｓｍｕｃｒｒｏｉｄｅｓ卵孵化率的影响。结果表明,在较高密度的硅藻培养液（１．２×１０４～５．４×１０４个／ｃｍ３）中培养的桡足类动物,其卵的孵化率比生活在自然水体中的有明显降低,并发现该密度的实验硅藻对其摄食者——桡足类的母体也产生一定的毒害作用。该实验结果与已报道的某些海洋硅藻对海洋桡足类存在毒害作用的结果,对水域生态系食物链（网）中硅藻作用的传统概念提出了挑战,对水域生态学研究提出了新课题。  相似文献   

篦额滨蟹的生长与繁殖的研究(英文)     

高天翔  渡边精一 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(3)

报道东京水产大学坂田试验场篦额滨蟹的生长与繁殖。研究表明：性成熟前后生长有明显变化;繁殖盛期在７月至８月,怀卵量为１９至１９５粒;幼蟹出现于９月。  相似文献   

史氏尖毛虫无性生殖中核器及纤毛器的演化     

施心路  魏红  宋微波 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(2)

研究了史氏尖毛虫（Ｏｘｙｔｒｉｃｈａｓｈｉ）无性生殖周期中核器及纤毛器的发育演化过程。其结果为：１．大核复制带出现后,口原基最早出现在左边第一根横棘毛的左侧,后逐渐向前增生,构成一长形原基带。由口原基的前右角分化出波动膜原基,同时在该处向后组装整齐排列的小膜,构成新的ＡＺＭ,老ＡＺＭ完整地被前仔虫继承。２．额腹横棘毛原基各５列,分别以３∶３∶３∶４∶４方式分化成前后仔虫的额腹横棘毛。３．背触毛８～９列,在第１～３列背触毛中,分别于前后仔虫的中部范围产生第１～３列新原基,每列原基向两端伸展替代老背触毛列,成为前、后仔虫相应的新背触毛。在前、后第３列原基后端发生前、后第４～５或第４～６列原基,它们均偏在第３列原基的右侧,并分别向两端伸展成第４～５或４～６列背触毛;４．在虫体腹面的前、后右缘棘毛原基前方的右边出现第６,７,８或７,８,９列背触毛原基,随后发育为第６,７,８或７,８,９列背触毛,并在演化过程中转位到背面。  相似文献   

坛紫菜生活史的研究现状及存在的问题     

黄冰心  刘金梅  马元元  姜晶晶  丁兰平 《海洋科学》2020,44(9):166-175

坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）属暖温性海藻，是中国东南沿海的重要栽培物种，2011年度栽培面积达30余万亩。其生活史过程比较复杂，既有雌雄异体，也有雌雄同体；既存在无性生殖，也存在有性生殖；其能否产生单孢子也常常引起争议。为此，本文总结了坛紫菜的生殖及生活史的研究现状和存在的问题，旨在为坛紫菜的遗传育种提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

Reproductive biology of a small amphidromous shrimp Atyoida serrata on Reunion Island,south-west Indian Ocean     

《Limnologica》2019

Atyoida serrata is a small amphidromous shrimp distributed in the south-west Indian Ocean. This species is threatened by human activities such as fisheries and river discharge withdrawals. Knowledge of its reproductive biology is essential to develop management plans and reduce the impacts of these threats. This study presents the results of a one-year survey in three stations along the Langevin River, Reunion Island. Densities of shrimps dominated by juveniles decreased with an increasing altitude. However, the largest individuals were more numerous upstream. Despite variable size structures among stations, all the largest individuals were females. Females larger than 32 mm Total Length had a probability of 50% or more of being ovigerous. Fecundities were ranged from 271 eggs for a 28 mm TL female to 4,365 eggs for a 47 mm TL female. Reproductive activity was observed throughout the year with a considerable increase from September to April. This increase was positively correlated to day-lengths and to a lesser extent to elevated water temperatures and river discharges. This study suggests a fishing restriction in the upstream areas and during the reproductive season. Attention should be paid to management of water withdrawal during low water levels to reduce impacts on the larva drift.  相似文献   

广西涠洲岛黄廯蜂巢珊瑚、肉质扁脑珊瑚的胚胎和幼虫的早期发育     

韦芬  黄雯  余克服  廖芝衡  王欣  王英辉 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):87-95

研究造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖来探索珊瑚礁的生态修复是近年来的热点。本文于2018年5月采集广西涠洲岛自然海域中的黄廯蜂巢珊瑚(Favia favus)和肉质扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra carnosus)至室内养殖,收集受精卵,观察和记录其胚胎和幼虫的早期发育过程。结果显示,黄廯蜂巢珊瑚和肉质扁脑珊瑚都是雌雄同体,体外受精,在月圆后5~8 d产卵;发育过程都经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期以及浮浪幼虫期;两者的卵母细胞都不含虫黄藻。本研究记录了涠洲岛造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖行为,为进一步利用有性繁殖来进行珊瑚礁的生态修复提供了理论基础。  相似文献